在粉體輸送、顆粒加工等工業場景中，旋轉供料器如同一位不知疲倦的 “物料指揮官”，通過精密配件的協同運作，將各類物料均勻、穩定地輸送至指定位置。這些看似不起眼的配件，實則是構成設備核心功能的 “交響樂團”，每個部件都在各自的 “聲部” 發揮著關鍵作用，共同奏響高效供料的 “工業樂章”。

　　In industrial scenarios such as powder conveying and particle processing, the rotary feeder acts as a tireless "material commander", delivering various materials evenly and stably to designated locations through the coordinated operation of precision components. These seemingly inconspicuous accessories are actually the "symphony orchestra" that constitutes the core function of the equipment. Each component plays a key role in its own "voice" and together plays the "industrial symphony" of efficient feeding.

　　旋轉供料器的核心執行部件是葉輪，它如同設備的 “心臟瓣膜”，決定著物料輸送的效率與穩定性。葉輪通常由輪轂和葉片組成，根據輸送物料的特性（如粒度、硬度、腐蝕性），葉片材質可選用鑄鐵、鋁合金、不銹鋼甚至耐磨塑料。例如，輸送石英砂、煤粉等磨損性強的物料時，葉片表面會噴涂碳化鎢涂層或采用高錳鋼材質，將耐磨壽命提升 3-5 倍；輸送食品級物料（如面粉、糖粉）時，葉輪會選用食品級不銹鋼（如 304L），并進行鏡面拋光處理，避免物料殘留與污染。葉片形狀也大有講究，直葉片適用于流動性好的顆粒料，弧形葉片可減少物料在旋轉過程中的沖擊，而帶傾角的葉片則能適應黏性物料的輸送，防止堵塞。

　　The core executing component of the rotary feeder is the impeller, which is like the "heart valve" of the equipment, determining the efficiency and stability of material transportation. The impeller is usually composed of a hub and blades. Depending on the characteristics of the conveyed material (such as particle size, hardness, corrosiveness), the blade material can be selected from cast iron, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, or even wear-resistant plastic. For example, when transporting materials with strong wear resistance such as quartz sand and coal powder, the blade surface will be sprayed with tungsten carbide coating or made of high manganese steel material, which can increase the wear resistance life by 3-5 times; When transporting food grade materials such as flour and sugar powder, the impeller will be made of food grade stainless steel (such as 304L) and polished with a mirror finish to avoid material residue and contamination. The shape of the blades also has its own requirements. Straight blades are suitable for granular materials with good flowability, curved blades can reduce the impact of materials during rotation, and angled blades can adapt to the transportation of viscous materials and prevent blockage.

　　包裹葉輪的殼體是設備的 “骨骼框架”，分為上殼體（進料端）和下殼體（出料端）。殼體材質多為鑄鐵或鋼板焊接結構，對于腐蝕性物料（如化肥、化工粉末），會采用不銹鋼（如 316L）或內襯聚四氟乙烯，從源頭抵御介質侵蝕。殼體內部通常設計有導流槽或耐磨襯板，導流槽引導物料均勻進入葉輪腔，減少沖擊噪聲；耐磨襯板（如氧化鋁陶瓷襯板、高分子聚乙烯板）覆蓋在物料沖刷嚴重的區域（如進料口下方），當襯板磨損達原厚度的 1/3 時，可單獨拆卸更換，避免整體殼體報廢。殼體與葉輪之間的間隙至關重要，一般控制在 0.1-0.3 毫米，間隙過大易導致物料泄漏，過小則可能因熱脹冷縮引發卡滯，需通過精密加工（如數控銑削）保證尺寸精度。

　　The shell that wraps around the impeller is the "skeleton frame" of the equipment, which is divided into an upper shell (feed end) and a lower shell (discharge end). The shell material is mostly cast iron or steel plate welded structure. For corrosive materials such as fertilizers and chemical powders, stainless steel (such as 316L) or lined with polytetrafluoroethylene will be used to resist medium erosion from the source. The interior of the shell is usually designed with a guide groove or wear-resistant lining plate, which guides the material evenly into the impeller cavity and reduces impact noise; Wear resistant lining plates (such as alumina ceramic lining plates, polymer polyethylene plates) cover areas with severe material erosion (such as below the feed inlet). When the lining plate wears down to one-third of its original thickness, it can be disassembled and replaced separately to avoid the overall shell being scrapped. The gap between the shell and the impeller is crucial, generally controlled at 0.1-0.3 millimeters. A gap that is too large can lead to material leakage, while a gap that is too small may cause jamming due to thermal expansion and contraction. Precision machining (such as CNC milling) is required to ensure dimensional accuracy.

　　密封裝置是旋轉供料器的 “防護盾”，防止物料泄漏或外界粉塵進入。軸向密封（葉輪與殼體端面之間）常用迷宮式密封、填料密封或機械密封：迷宮式密封通過多層環形間隙形成氣障，結構簡單但密封效果一般，適用于常壓或低粉塵環境；填料密封（如石墨盤根、聚四氟乙烯填料）通過壓蓋壓緊填料實現密封，需定期調整壓蓋松緊度，避免填料磨損導致漏粉；機械密封則利用動靜環的精密配合（端面平整度≤0.0009 毫米），在高壓或高真空場景中表現優異，如氣力輸送系統中的正壓供料（壓力≤0.6MPa）。徑向密封（葉片與殼體內壁之間）多采用彈性密封片（如不銹鋼彈簧片、聚氨酯膠條），密封片一端固定在葉片邊緣，另一端緊貼殼體內壁，隨葉片旋轉形成動態密封，當密封片磨損后可單獨更換，更換過程僅需拆卸殼體端蓋，耗時約 30 分鐘。

　　The sealing device is the "protective shield" of the rotating feeder, preventing material leakage or external dust from entering. Axial seal (between impeller and shell end face) commonly used labyrinth seal, packing seal or mechanical seal: labyrinth seal forms an air barrier through multiple layers of annular gaps, with a simple structure but general sealing effect, suitable for atmospheric pressure or low dust environment; Packing sealing (such as graphite packing and polytetrafluoroethylene packing) is achieved by compressing the packing with a gland, and the tightness of the gland needs to be adjusted regularly to avoid powder leakage caused by packing wear; Mechanical seals utilize the precise fit of the dynamic and static rings (end face flatness ≤ 0.0009 millimeters) to perform excellently in high-pressure or high vacuum scenarios, such as positive pressure feeding in pneumatic conveying systems (pressure ≤ 0.6 MPa). Radial sealing (between the blade and the inner wall of the shell) often uses elastic sealing plates (such as stainless steel spring plates, polyurethane rubber strips). One end of the sealing plate is fixed to the edge of the blade, and the other end is tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell, forming a dynamic seal as the blade rotates. When the sealing plate wears out, it can be replaced separately. The replacement process only requires dismantling the end cover of the shell, which takes about 30 minutes.

　　驅動系統是旋轉供料器的 “動力源”，包括電機、減速機和聯軸器。電機類型根據工況選擇，普通工況采用三相異步電機，防爆環境選用隔爆型電機（如 Ex d IIB T4），變頻調速電機則用于需要調節供料量的場景（調速范圍通常為 10-100rpm）。減速機承擔降速增矩的任務，齒輪減速機（傳動效率≥90%）適用于大扭矩需求，蝸輪蝸桿減速機（結構緊湊）適合空間受限場景，兩者均需定期更換潤滑油（更換周期：齒輪油 6000 小時，蝸輪油 4000 小時）。聯軸器連接電機與主軸，彈性聯軸器（如梅花形聯軸器）可吸收振動和軸向偏移，補償兩軸的安裝誤差（允許徑向偏差≤0.2 毫米，角度偏差≤1.5°），剛性聯軸器則用于高精度傳動，需確保電機與主軸的同軸度誤差≤0.05 毫米。

　　The drive system is the "power source" of the rotary feeder, including the motor, reducer, and coupling. The type of motor is selected according to the working conditions. For ordinary working conditions, three-phase asynchronous motors are used. For explosion-proof environments, explosion-proof motors (such as Ex d IIB T4) are selected. Variable frequency speed regulating motors are used in scenarios where the feeding amount needs to be adjusted (the speed regulation range is usually 10-100rpm). The reducer is responsible for reducing speed and increasing torque, the gear reducer (transmission efficiency ≥ 90%) is suitable for high torque requirements, and the worm gear reducer (compact structure) is suitable for space limited scenarios. Both require regular replacement of lubricating oil (replacement cycle: gear oil 6000 hours, worm gear oil 4000 hours). Couplings connect the motor and the spindle. Elastic couplings (such as plum blossom couplings) can absorb vibration and axial displacement, compensate for installation errors of the two shafts (allowing radial deviation ≤ 0.2 millimeters and angular deviation ≤ 1.5 °), while rigid couplings are used for high-precision transmission, ensuring that the coaxiality error between the motor and the spindle is ≤ 0.05 millimeters.

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